Varicose veins on the legs: symptoms and treatment, pictures

Varicose veins of the lower extremities – chronic disease, which is characterized by a thinning of the venous wall, increased vascular lacunae and training knotty extensions.

The disease is diagnosed 15-17% of the adult population. In adulthood, the disease most frequently diagnosed in women, which is due to hormonal changes in the body (menopause, pregnancy, menstruation).

Varicose veins of the veins of the legs manifests a wide clinical. Patients complain of heaviness and discomfort in the extremities, fatigue, swelling of the ankle, cramps in the night, protruding blue veins. The course of pathology on the background of the lack of adequate treatment leads to various complications.

Causes and risk factors of varicose veins of the lower limbs

Varicose veins

Varicose veins of the lower limbs in most of the paintings is the result of a genetic predisposition. The direct cause: immaturity in the functioning of the valves of the veins, and underdevelopment in the connective tissue element of blood. This leads to an increase of the load within the blood vessels and the appearance of varicose veins.

The etiology is due to factors congenital, that are associated with hypercoagulation – increased coagulation of the blood. On the background of the violation form blood clots, which violates a full flow of blood in the legs, leads to the pathological expansion of the venous space.

A frequent cause of the development of the disease in women a hormonal imbalance. It is based on the variation of concentration of sexual hormones in the blood. Is associated with the onset of menopause and pregnancy.

The causes of varicose veins of the legs:

  • The excess of weight. Obesity has a mechanical impact on the venous walls, particularly pronounced this is manifested in the background of the abdominal type. As a result, the patient increases the venous pressure;
  • Diabetes mellitus. Because of complex disorders and the metabolic processes associated with constantly elevated blood sugar during a relative insufficiency of insulin there is a reduction of the elasticity of the venous wall with further extension;
  • Alcohol dependence. Alcoholism the body without fluid, the blood becomes more dense, which leads to disruption of the circulation;
  • Professional factors (the constant presence in a vertical position, excessive physical exertion, lack of exercise);
  • Wear shoes that are uncomfortable, for example, high heels;
  • Heavy pathology of the cardiovascular system, which manifests circulatory failure.

Cause varicose veins of the legs can chronic disease genital. In particular, the inflammation of the prostate gland in men, and in the appendices, in women.

The mechanism of the development of the disease is based on the involvement in the inflammatory process of the minimum of the veins, leading to swelling and difficulty in blood circulation.

Signs and symptoms of varicose veins

Varicose veins are the veins of the legs manifests itself with different symptoms. Let's start with external changes. So, the most clear sign of the witness on the case of disease, is the transformation of the contour and the shape of the subcutaneous blood vessels of the legs. Is manifested by swelling, thickening, and nodular. Blood become dark in color, are detected in the mesh and the pinion.

Wounds on legs treated with two sides. Part of the clinical relate the injury to the symptoms, other complications of the disease, bears witness to the last – running the same phase of the pathological process.

Classification of varicose veins of the legs

Varicose veins of the legs most often diagnose, mature, women, compared to men of that age. At a young age is a disease that girls and boys will manifest with the same frequency. In accordance with the classification, the disease is primary and secondary in nature. In the first case, the pathological changes of the vessels of the surface. Infringement of buildings and structures and deep blood vessels are damaged.

Secondary varicose veins is one of the complications of venous disorders deep, with the result that the observed negative changes in the surface blood vessels of the legs. This painting manifests itself on the background of congenital disorders of the venous system, but also as a consequence of phlebothrombosis.

The disease is classified on clinical forms. To him refer to varicose veins of the lateral blood vessels of the legs and thighs, reticular form varicose and spider veins. Consider these forms to learn more:

  • Varicose veins lateral veins is like a disease, independent of or in combination with other diseases. The reverse casting venous liquid occurs in a deep vein with the subcutaneous and surrounding blood vessels.
  • Net (reticular form) manifests itself as a self pathology. It does not lead to venous insufficiency, it is only aesthetic defect.
  • Varicose spider veins are also a simple aesthetic defects.

In recent years, the surgeons highlight the venous insufficiency, idiopathic form. It is characterized by increase in venous tone, with the obvious reasons of such breach, it is not possible to find. The clinical manifestations of the disease is not different from a classic of the clinic.

Phase, and degree of varicose veins

Asterisk

Varicose veins on the foot varies depending on the phase and degree. To establish add consider the patient's clinical. The chronic illness has several stages, which have some differences:

Stage Feature
Payment The pain syndrome weakly expressed or not. Patients complain of discomfort in the legs due to a long. Note the presence of the vascular network in the skin, which is periodically manifested by the swelling of the ankle, accelerates after the rest.
Subcompensation The visual examination of the lower limbs of the patient are visible veins with a pathological of the. Sick people have a lot of complaints. In particular, they complain of persistent pain arching character, the more fatigue, heaviness in the legs. Night often you experience muscle spasms, "run with the creeps" on the skin. You observe swelling, after a night of sleep in 90% of cases disappear on its own.
Failure The more severe stage of varicose veins. Changes manifest from the side of the skin. Becomes excessively dry, hair fall out in the feet. In addition, registered hyperpigmentation, which leads to a huge development of a thickening of the subcutaneous tissue. Cracks and scratches on the legs heal long period of time, can turn into ulcers. The feet swell always, rest and sleep do not help. Swelling have the property going on the legs.

When a girl or a boy comes to the physician complaining of describe the symptoms, the doctor conducts a visual inspection assign laboratory tests and techniques of instrumental diagnosis. On the basis of the results obtained speak of the shape, phase, and degree of pathology.

Degree of varicose veins of the legs, certain numbers. Zero (0) – clinic has not been identified, external changes are absent; The – swelling, constant tiredness of the limbs; II – constant swelling, accompanied by hyperpigmentation, aberrant tightness of the subcutaneous tissue; III – the pain does not pass, the swelling of the legs, sores.

The complications of venous insufficiency

Varicose veins – chronic and incurable disease, the treatment, therefore, pursues the objectives – to suspend the progression and prevent complications. If the treatment is assigned correctly or the patient does not ask for the help of a medical specialist, you will develop the complications of the disease.

Thrombophlebitis – inflammation of the walls of the veins in the presence of a blood clot. In the inflammatory process may be involved nearby blood vessels and soft tissue. Distinguish the different forms. It is sharp (which lasts about 30 days), subacute – duration up to six months, and the view.

Migrating thrombophlebitis is rare. It is characterized by inflammation that occurs in the different areas of vienna, it passes quickly.

The symptoms include:

  • It is visually visible in a contour net, inflamed of the boat.
  • Acute pain at palpation the pain becomes stronger.
  • Swollen nodules, protruding above the skin.
  • A local increase of the temperature.

Thrombophlebitis in varicose veins of the legs can lead to other complications. For example, periphlebitis – inflammation of the surrounding tissues, wet gangrene of the limbs, deep vein thrombosis. When you deploy the inflammation occur the complications that go beyond the arts – thromboembolism, and sepsis.

Deep vein thrombosis – a common complication of varicose veins in the legs. A disease characterized by the formation of dense a clot of blood, that in whole or in part obstructs a blood vessel, which violates the full circulation. With this complication, there is the risk of death because of the separation of a blood clot.

Sores appear in the most serious cases. Often joins infectious process, which worsens the clinical picture. The injuries can affect not only tissues, but also the deeper layers of the muscle. Heal for a long period of time. A complete treatment.

Legs

Varicose veins eczema is characterized by symptoms such as:

  • Inflammatory hyperpigmentation of the skin purple or bright red color;
  • Form microvescicole, which alone are geolocated;
  • Strong swelling of the legs;
  • Itching of the skin, which is observed constantly;
  • Humidity, after drying, is covered with a crust;
  • Abnormal thickening of the covering of the skin.

Varicose veins eczema can go chronic, with the result that manifests itself in the hardening of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

When you connect to the infection eczema complicated venous ulcers.

The conservative treatment of varicose veins of the legs

Conservative therapy of varicose veins includes pharmacological treatment and wear underwear of compression. Compression stockings of different compression class and destination – sometimes for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Pantyhose, tights, stockings, and socks should choose a doctor taking into account specific characteristics. Just the right linen for the house, gives the desired result.

Prescribe medications. Perfect effective medication, which would detract from the pathological mesh disease, does not exist. It is recommended the use of systemic drugs – tablets and local funds – gels, balms, creams and ointments.

Also prescribed physiotherapy, magnetic therapy, electrophoresis, special gymnastics. You can use the remedies – recipes with herbs help reduce the severity of symptoms.

Sometimes it is advisable to hirudotherapy – treatment of leech.

The methods of surgical treatment

When conservative ways to give a small result, the disease progresses, it is recommended that you perform the operation. Often practiced sclerotherapy. Vienna injected with a special substance that combines hit the ship. With the passage of time is replaced through connective tissue.

Radio-frequency ablation. This intervention provides the "welding" of the blood vessel of the patient by means of a probe that emits waves. The probe heats the walls, which leads to their stenosis. After the surgery, some time is necessary to wear a compression garment.

The choice of the method to care for the sick surgically depends on many criteria. The doctor takes into account the stage of the disease, the wellness of the patient, the presence of chronic diseases that may constitute a contraindication to the implementation of the intervention.

Other types of surgical treatment:

  • Flebectomia – doctor removes the affected veins and blood vessels. Through a small skin incision is administered the tool with the hook through which to pull the vessel. This technique is combined – using the surgical intervention and the application of the laser.
  • The most effective way for the treatment is considered laser coagulation of the veins of the lower limbs. The technical execution of the operation takes place with a minimum of cuts and wounds. Through a small puncture in the skin, and a vase introduced superfine transactions, which emits a wavelength of the desired frequency. In the area of impact observed on the heating. Wall time, which can help reduce the problem.

Stripping is carried out with a small probe, which is introduced through an incision and pasted the interested part of vienna. Cryostripping – pathological vessel is injected into liquid nitrogen, leading to the destruction of the area, follow-up, not functionality.

Prevention

The preventive measures are of great importance. A favorable prognosis depends not only on the correct appointments of the physician and the duct to be treated, but also from the patient – you need to change your lifestyle, follow the recommendations phlebologist.

Permanently it is necessary to wear underwear or compression bandaging of the limbs of an elastic bandage. The reviews of the patients, the first option is more convenient. Even after surgery, it is necessary to have a constant physical activity, but without an excessive load on the body.

During sleep it is recommended that you walk to attribute the elevated position. For this reason, the arts have on a pillow or reduced to a blanket. If the work is related to constant standing or sitting, every 60-80 minutes, you need to do a bit of training to accelerate the circulation of blood in the body.

Women should not wear high heel shoes. The maximum height of the heel should be 5 cm, All patients must choose comfortable shoes, leave the clothes, which presses on a limb.

Varicose veins on the legs – is a serious disease that requires a comprehensive approach in the treatment. Just an effect of the complex, consisting of medications, compression clothing, physiotherapy, physical activity and proper nutrition lead to a positive result and the support of remission.